Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Outlook.: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Outlook.
Disclaimer:
This blog is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Content is sourced from third parties, and we do not guarantee accuracy or accept any liability for its use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical guidance.
What is Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg cells, classified as classical (95%, nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, lymphocyte-depleted) or nodular lymphocyte-predominant (5%). In 2025, ~8,500 US cases, bimodal age (20-30, >55).
Symptoms
Symptoms include painless swollen lymph nodes (neck, axilla, groin), B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), cough, itch, fatigue. Advanced causes splenomegaly. In 2025, symptoms prompt biopsy.
Causes
Causes include EBV (40% classical HL), immunosuppression (HIV), family history. Genetic mutations in NF-kB pathway. In 2025, microenvironment is key.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis uses biopsy (Reed-Sternberg cells, CD30+), PET-CT for staging (Ann Arbor), bone marrow if advanced. In 2025, NGS refines risk.
Treatment
Early-stage: chemo (ABVD) + radiation. Advanced: chemo, brentuximab, immunotherapy (nivolumab). Relapsed: SCT, CAR-T. In 2025, BV-AVD improves PFS.
Future Outlook
In 2025, 5-year survival is 88%, 95% early-stage. Checkpoint inhibitors improve relapsed survival to 70%. By 2030, de-escalation could reduce toxicity while maintaining 95% cure.
Sources
The information for HL is sourced from PubMed’s “Hodgkin lymphoma: 2025 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification” for updates; Mayo Clinic’s “Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease) – Symptoms and causes” for symptoms; Wiley’s “Hodgkin lymphoma: 2025 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification” for risk; NCBI’s “Hodgkin Lymphoma – StatPearls” for treatment; Cleveland Clinic’s “Hodgkin Lymphoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment” for causes; Mayo Clinic’s “Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease) – Diagnosis and treatment” for diagnosis; Verywell Health’s “Hodgkin Lymphoma: Signs, Treatment, Recovery, and Survival Rate” for survival; NCI’s “Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment” for treatment; Cancer Australia’s “Hodgkin lymphoma | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments” for overview; Pfizer’s “Hodgkin Lymphoma” for information.