Leukaemia

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This blog is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Content is sourced from third parties, and we do not guarantee accuracy or accept any liability for its use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical guidance.

What is Leukaemia?

Leukaemia is a blood cancer from abnormal white blood cells in bone marrow, classified as acute (AML, ALL) or chronic (CML, CLL), lymphoid or myeloid. In 2025, ~60,000 US cases, all ages.

Symptoms

Symptoms include fatigue, fever, infections, bruising/bleeding, bone pain, weight loss, swollen nodes/spleen. Acute rapid, chronic gradual.

Causes

Causes include genetic mutations, radiation, benzene, smoking, viruses (HTLV). Down syndrome increases risk. In 2025, epigenetics key.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis uses CBC (abnormal counts), smear, bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics. In 2025, NGS/MRD improve.

Treatment

Acute: chemo, targeted, SCT. Chronic: TKIs (CML), watch/wait or targeted (CLL). In 2025, CAR-T/immunotherapy advance.

Future Outlook

In 2025, survival varies: AML 30%, ALL 70%, CML/CLL near normal. By 2030, targeted therapies could cure 50% acute cases.

Sources

The information for leukaemia is sourced from Cleveland Clinic’s “Leukemia: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Types & Treatment” for types; PMC’s “Acute Myeloid Leukemia: 2025 Update” for updates; Mayo Clinic’s “Leukemia – Symptoms and causes” for symptoms; PubMed’s “Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 2025 Update” for CLL; Pfizer’s “Leukemia Overview: Symptoms, Signs, Treatment and Causes” for overview; WebMD’s “Leukemia: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment” for diagnosis; Wiley’s “Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: 2025 Update” for ALL; Everyday Health’s “What Is Leukemia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment” for causes; Cancer Council’s “Leukaemia | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments” for treatments; PMC’s “Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Updates on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis” for prognosis.